In contrast, melody in the 20th century varied greatly including the diatonic idiom of the 18th century ( Classical), the variety of idioms from the 19th century ( Romantic), and newer nondiatonic scales in the 20th century. Renaissance melodies are generally characterized by conjunct motion, with only occasional leaps of more than a fifth and then rarely anything but a sixth or octave. For example, Medieval plainchant melodies are generally characterized by conjunct motion with occasional thirds, fourths, and generally ascending fifths while larger intervals are quite rare though octave leaps may occur between two separate phrases. Melody may be characterized by its degree and type of conjunct and disjunct motion. Webern's Variations for orchestra (1940), op.
Melodic motion in which the interval between any two consecutive pitches is no more than a step, or, less strictly, where skips are rare, is called stepwise or conjunct melodic motion, as opposed to skipwise or disjunct melodic motion, characterized by frequent skips.
More generally, a step is a smaller or narrower interval in a musical line, and a skip is a wider or larger interval with the categorization of intervals into steps and skips is determined by the tuning system and the pitch space used. For example, C to D (major second) is a step, whereas C to E ( major third) is a skip. In the diatonic scale, a step is either a minor second (sometimes also called half step) or a major second (sometimes also called whole step), with all intervals of a minor third or larger being skips. Any larger interval is called a skip (also called a leap), or disjunct motion. In other words, it is the interval between two consecutive scale degrees.
In music, a step, or conjunct motion, is the difference in pitch between two consecutive notes of a musical scale. A chorale melody containing only steps, no skips: "Jesu, Leiden, Pein, und Tod".
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